Emotional experiences and their regulation are vital for functioning in everyday life and mental health. Dysregulations in these domains critically impede adaptive functioning and represent a transdiagnostic feature across major mental disorders. A significant proportion of individuals with pathological dysregulations in these domains do not respond to the currently available treatments and thus integrated translational strategies that precisely determine the underlying brain systems and explore novel strategies to modulate the identified targets are urgently needed. In the present talk I will outline synergistic strategies that aim at determining the precise brain basis of emotions via AI-inspired neural decoding (neuroaffective signatures) and how these brain circuits can be modulated via targeting neuropeptide systems (Oxytocin, Angiotensin II, etc) which may represent promising novel treatment approaches.